Abstract Purpose of Review The forest structure generally refers to the configuration and
distribution of different plant species and sizes. Investigation and analysis of forest structures …

The current official silvicultural instructions of Finland recommend even-aged rotation forest
management (RFM) combined with low thinning and artificial regeneration. However, the …

This contribution presents methods that can be used to describe and analyse forest structure
and diversity with particular reference to CCF management. Despite advances in remote …

Individual-based forest ecology and management, where the focus is on individual plants in
the context of their populations, draws on a large body of different quantitative methods that …

In the past 30 years, many stand structural attributes (SSAs) have been suggested and
structural indices have been developed to describe the complex structure of forests. Most …

Many functional summary characteristics such as Ripley's K function have been used in
ecology to describe the spatial structure of point patterns to aid understanding of the …

The monitoring of tree diversity and forest structure is a key pre-requisite for understanding
and managing forest ecosystems. This paper addresses the question whether and how tree …

Recent efforts to incorporate migration processes into species distribution models (SDM s)
are allowing assessments of whether species are likely to be able to track their future climate …

Abstract Effects caused by human management and natural disturbances as well as by
ecological mechanisms such as those described, for example, by the Janzen-Connell and …

Aim Despite the recent improvements made in species distribution models (SDMs),
assessing species' ability to migrate fast enough to track their climate optimum remains a …