A molecular description of functional modules in the cell is the focus of many high-
throughput studies in the postgenomic era. A large portion of biomolecular interactions in …

Pfam, available via servers in the UK (http://pfam. sanger. ac. uk/) and the USA (http://pfam.
janelia. org/), is a widely used database of protein families, containing 14 831 manually …

The last few years have witnessed significant changes in Pfam (https://pfam. xfam. org). The
number of families has grown substantially to a total of 17,929 in release 32.0. New …

Gene evolution has long been thought to be primarily driven by duplication and
rearrangement mechanisms. However, every evolutionary lineage harbours orphan genes …

Background Orthology analysis is an important part of data analysis in many areas of
bioinformatics such as comparative genomics and molecular phylogenetics. The ever …

Four heme peroxidase superfamilies (peroxidase–catalase, peroxidase–cyclooxygenase,
peroxidase–chlorite dismutase and peroxidase–peroxygenase superfamily) arose …

Sponges form close relationships with bacteria, and a remarkable phylogenetic diversity of
yet-uncultured bacteria has been identified from sponges using molecular methods. In this …

Cellular functions are mediated through complex systems of macromolecules and
metabolites linked through biochemical and physical interactions, represented in …

Background-Enzymes that depend on vitamin B6 (and in particular on its metabolically
active form, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, PLP) are of great relevance to biology and medicine, as …

Domains of unknown function (DUFs) are a large set of uncharacterized protein families that
are found in the Pfam database. Here, the scale and growth of functionally uncharacterized …