To coordinate, adapt and respond to biological signals, cells convey specific messages to
other cells. An important aspect of cell–cell communication involves secretion of molecules …

Many features of cell behavior are regulated by Rho family GTPases, but the most profound
effects of these proteins are on the actin cytoskeleton and it was these that first drew …

The ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) small GTPases regulate vesicular traffic and organelle
structure by recruiting coat proteins, regulating phospholipid metabolism and modulating the …

Ferroptosis is a form of regulated cell death that is initiated by excessive lipid peroxidation
that results in plasma membrane damage and the release of damage-associated molecular …

The ADP-ribosylation factors (Arfs) 1 are a family of Rasrelated, low molecular mass (20
kDa), GTP-binding proteins that are expressed in all eukaryotes. There are six mammalian …

Mycobacterium avium is a major opportunistic pathogen in HIV-positive individuals and is
responsible for increased morbidity and mortality in AIDS patients. M. avium express …

Focal adhesions (FAs) are specialized sites of cell attachment to the extracellular matrix
(ECM) where integrin receptors link the ECM to the actin cytoskeleton. Integrins cluster into …

Skeletal cells control the initiation of mineralization in vivo and determine the selective
distribution pattern of mineralization by releasing calcification-initiating, submicroscopic …

ADP-ribosylation factor (Arf) 6 regulates the movement of membrane between the plasma
membrane (PM) and a nonclathrin-derived endosomal compartment and activates …

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), PTEN and localized phosphatidylinositol (3, 4, 5)-
trisphosphate [PtdIns (3, 4, 5) P 3] play key roles in chemotaxis, regulating cell motility by …