The advent of in situ immunology and intravital analyses of leukocyte movement in tissues
has drawn attention to the previously neglected extracellular matrix (ECM) and its role in …

Spinal cord injury occurs through various countries throughout the world with an annual
incidence of 15 to 40 cases per million, with the causes of these injuries ranging from motor …

In view of disease heterogeneity of multiple sclerosis and limited access to ex vivo
specimens, different approaches must be undertaken to better understand disease …

Nitric oxide (NO) is a free radical found at higher than normal concentrations within
inflammatory multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions. These high concentrations are due to the …

Objective CD4 T‐cell–dependent macrophage activation directed against a myelin or
oligodendrocyte antigen is generally thought to be the mechanism causing myelin …

In 1900, summarizing his experiments with toxins and Ehrlich's earlier observations with
intravital dyes, the Berlin physician Lewandowski concluded that 'brain capillaries must hold …

Object. Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death seen in a variety of developmental and
disease states, including traumatic injuries. The main objective of this study was to …

Peroxynitrite (ONOO−), a toxic product of the free radicals nitric oxide and superoxide, has
been implicated in the pathogenesis of CNS inflammatory diseases, including multiple …

The central nervous system (CNS) possesses powerful local and global immunosuppressive
capabilities that modulate unwanted inflammatory reactions in nervous tissue. These same …

While the central nervous system has long been considered immunologically privileged,
over the past decade it has become evident that a wide variety of leukocyte types traffic …