Fuel cells are employed for wide variety of applications due to their several advantages such
as low carbon dioxide emission, no requirement for moving components and high efficiency …

Natural convection in cavities is an interesting subject for many researchers. Especially, in
recent years, the number of articles written in this regard has grown enormously. This work …

This paper provides a comprehensive review of the temperature control in proton exchange
membrane fuel cells. Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells inevitably emit a certain …

Purpose Although many studies have been conducted on the nanofluid flow in microtubes,
this paper, for the first time, aims to investigate the effects of nanoparticle diameter and …

A three-dimensional multi-phase non-isothermal model of proton exchange membrane fuel
cell (PEMFC) is developed based on a modified Bruggeman equation. The developed …

Three-dimensional numerical simulation on natural convection inside the T-shaped cavity,
filled with water-based hybrid nanofluid of CNT–aluminum oxide is performed by vorticity …

On account of nanofluids influence on heat exchangers (HEs), a vigorous discussion can be
made to concurrently contrast HEs to one another under the same conditions to detect …

In this paper, the effect of a baffle on free convection heat transfer of a water–Fe 3 O 4
nanofluid in a C-shaped enclosure in the presence of a magnetic field is investigated …

In the current study, free convection of a hybrid nanofluid in asymmetrical U-shaped
enclosure is studied numerically. The bottom plate is heated and the top U-shaped walls is …

Effective thermal management strategy for the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell
(PEMFC) stack is critical in maintaining the overall stack efficiency and durability. The …