Industrial decarbonization is a daunting challenge given the relative lack of low-carbon
options available for “hard to decarbonize” industries such as iron and steel, cement, and …

Renewable technologies are considered as clean sources of energy and optimal use of
these resources minimize environmental impacts, produce minimum secondary wastes and …

The term biofuel is referred to liquid, gas and solid fuels predominantly produced from
biomass. Biofuels include energy security reasons, environmental concerns, foreign …

The degradation of the natural environment and the energy crisis are two vital issues for
sustainable development worldwide. Hydrogen is considered as one of the most promising …

The aim of this study is to investigate the algae production technologies such as open,
closed and hybrid systems, production costs, and algal energy conversions. Liquid biofuels …

The biofuels include bioethanol, biobutanol, biodiesel, vegetable oils, biomethanol,
pyrolysis oils, biogas, and biohydrogen. There are two global biomass based liquid …

Gasification and pyrolysis are encouraging routes for biomass transformation into energy
outcomes. In specific, the syngas developed via biomass gasification significantly affect …

Since the energy crises of the 1970s, many countries have become interest in biomass as a
fuel source to expand the development of domestic and renewable energy sources and …

Biomass can be a sustainable choice for bioenergy production worldwide. Biohydrogen
production using fermentative conversion of biomass has gained great interest during the …

Biological hydrogen production processes offer a technique through which renewable
energy sources like biomass can be utilized for the generation of the cleanest energy carrier …