Pyroptosis is a proinflammatory mode of lytic cell death mediated by accumulation of plasma
membrane (PM) macropores composed of gasdermin‐family (GSDM) proteins. It facilitates …

Intracellular pathogens pose a significant threat to animals. In defense, innate immune
sensors attempt to detect these pathogens using pattern recognition receptors that either …

The gamma-interferon (IFNγ)-inducible guanylate-binding proteins (GBPs) promote host
defense against gram-negative cytosolic bacteria in part through the induction of an …

Interferons (IFNs) induce an antimicrobial state, protecting tissues from infection. Many
viruses inhibit IFN signaling, but whether bacterial pathogens evade IFN responses remains …

The immune system of multicellular organisms protects them from harmful microbes. To
establish an infection in the face of host immune responses, pathogens must evolve specific …

Pyroptosis is an inflammatory form of cell death induced upon recognition of invading
microbes. During an infection, pyroptosis is enhanced in interferon-gamma-exposed cells …

Bacteria of the genus Shigella cause shigellosis, a severe gastrointestinal disease driven by
bacterial colonization of colonic intestinal epithelial cells. Vertebrates have evolved …

Pathogenic microbes invade the human body and trigger a host immune response to defend
against the infection. In response, host-adapted pathogens employ numerous virulence …

In neutrophils, caspase-11 cleaves gasdermin D (GSDMD), causing pyroptosis to clear
cytosol-invasive bacteria. In contrast, caspase-1 also cleaves GSDMD but seems to not …

Infectious diseases caused by bacteria have become serious health concerns. Efficient and
sensitive early detections are of pivotal significance in the diagnosis and treatment of …