Epilepsy is among the most dynamic disorders in neurology. A canonical view holds that
seizures, the characteristic sign of epilepsy, occur at random, but, for centuries, humans …

The advantages of the model organism Drosophila melanogaster, including low genetic
redundancy, functional simplicity, and the ability to conduct large-scale genetic screens …

Sleep is thought to be restorative to brain energy homeostasis, but it is not clear how this is
achieved. We show here that Drosophila glia exhibit a daily cycle of glial mitochondrial …

Flexible behaviors over long timescales are thought to engage recurrent neural networks in
deep brain regions, which are experimentally challenging to study. In insects, recurrent …

The view that sleep is essential for survival is supported by the ubiquity of this behavior, the
apparent existence of sleep-like states in the earliest animals, and the fact that severe sleep …

Since the 19th century, there has been disagreement over the fundamental question of
whether" emotions" are cause or consequence of their associated behaviors. This question …

During sleep, animals do not eat, reproduce or forage. Slee** animals are vulnerable to
predation. Yet, the persistence of sleep despite evolutionary pressures, and the deleterious …

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is an evolutionarily conserved, structural, and functional
separation between circulating blood and the central nervous system (CNS). By controlling …

Sleep is nearly ubiquitous throughout the animal kingdom, yet little is known about how
ecological factors or perturbations to the environment shape the duration and timing of …

No current hypothesis can explain why animals need to sleep. Yet, sleep is universal, tightly
regulated, and cannot be deprived without deleterious consequences. This suggests that …