Skeletal muscle is the engine that powers what is arguably the most essential and defining
feature of human and animal life—locomotion. Muscles function to change length and …

Muscle function during movement is more than a simple, linear transformation of neural
activity into force. The classic work loop technique has pioneered our understanding of …

Across the tree of life–from fungi to frogs–organisms wield small amounts of energy to
generate fast and potent movements. These movements are propelled with elastic …

Over the past 50 years our understanding of the central role that muscle motion has in
powering movement has accelerated significantly. Fundamental to this progress has been …

Background Balance control is important for mobility, yet exoskeleton research has mainly
focused on improving metabolic energy efficiency. Here we present a biomimetic …

The contractile elements in skeletal muscle fibers operate in series with elastic elements,
tendons and potentially aponeuroses, in muscle–tendon units (MTUs). Elastic strain energy …

The soleus is the main muscle for propulsion during human running but its operating
behavior across the spectrum of physiological running speeds is currently unknown. This …

The interaction between the motor control and the morphological design of the human leg is
critical for generating efficient and robust locomotion. In this paper, we focus on exploring …

Compliant leg function found during bouncy gaits in humans and animals can be considered
a role model for designing and controlling bioinspired robots and assistive devices. The …

Passive elastic ankle exoskeletons have been used to augment locomotor performance
during walking, running and hop**. In this study, we aimed to determine how these …