Vanadium (V) is a highly toxic multivalent, redox-sensitive element. It is widely distributed in
the environment and employed in various industrial applications. Interactions between V …

Atmospheric aerosols are complex mixtures of different chemical species, and individual
particles exist in many different shapes and morphologies. Together, these characteristics …

New regulations from the International Maritime Organization (IMO) limiting sulfur emissions
from the ship** industry are expected to have large benefits in terms of public health but …

Redox-sensitive transition group elements are involved in almost all fundamental
geochemical processes. Of these elements, vanadium (V) contributes a particularly powerful …

Atmospheric aerosols, solid or liquid particles suspended in the atmosphere, range in size
from 1 nm to> 100 μm and come from a wide variety of sources. 1 As such, aerosols have a …

As the main anthropogenic source in open seas and coastal areas, ship emissions impact
the climate, air quality, and human health. The latest marine fuel regulation with a sulfur …

Heavy fuel oil (HFO) particulate matter (PM) emitted by marine engines is known to contain
toxic heavy metals, including vanadium (V) and nickel (Ni). The toxicity of such metals will …

Vanadium is a transition metal with important industrial, technological, biological, and
biomedical applications widespread in the environment and in living beings. The different …

Maritime transport has widely been used throughout the record history, and yet is the major
source of toxic pollutants to the atmosphere. Bearing this in mind, the effect of biodiesel on …

Many of the significant advances in our understanding of atmospheric particles can be
attributed to the application of mass spectrometry. Mass spectrometry provides high …