This review deals with the morphology and function of adult insect mouthparts modified to
feed on nectar, pollen or petals. Specialization to nectar-feeding is evident in formation of …

This chapter provides a general survey of the literature of floral fragrance chemistry in
relation to pollinator type and presents a tentative effort to uncover possible associations …

Complex socio-economic, political and demographic factors have driven the increased
conversion of Europe's semi-natural grasslands to intensive pastures. This trend is …

Abstract Background and Aims Floral rewards may be associated with certain morphological
floral traits and thus act as underlying factors promoting selection on these traits. This study …

The mouthparts of most specialized fluid-feeding insects consist of more or less elongated
components forming a proboscis. Functional types of mouthparts evolved as adaptations to …

The insects with the longest proboscis in relation to body length are the nectar-feeding
Nemestrinidae. These flies represent important pollinators of the South African flora and …

Neotropical orchid bees (Euglossini) possess the longest proboscides among bees. In this
study, we compared the feeding behavior and functional morphology of mouthparts in two …

That [bees] and other insects, while pursuing their food in the flowers, at the same time
fertilize them without intending and knowing it and thereby lay the foundation for their own …

The monophyletic family Z hangsolvidae comprises stout‐bodied brachyceran flies with a
long proboscis and occurring only in the C retaceous, originally known in shale from the E …

A well-developed suction pump in the head represents an important adaptation for nectar-
feeding insects, such as Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera and Diptera. This pum** organ …