In recent years, scientists have made remarkable progress reconstructing the animal
phylogeny. There is broad agreement regarding many deep animal relationships, including …

Ever since its discovery, the double-stranded DNA contained in the mitochondria of
eukaryotes has fascinated researchers because of its bacterial endosymbiotic origin, crucial …

Mitochondrial and plastid genomes show a wide array of architectures, varying immensely in
size, structure, and content. Some organelle DNAs have even developed elaborate …

Animal mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is commonly described as a small, circular molecule
that is conserved in size, gene content, and organization. Data collected in the last decade …

Across eukaryotes, mitochondria exhibit staggering diversity in genomic architecture,
including the repeated evolution of multichromosomal structures. Unlike in the nucleus …

Organelle genome fragmentation has been found in a wide range of eukaryotic lineages;
however, its use in phylogenetic reconstruction has not been demonstrated. We explored …

Recent data from mitochondrial genomics and proteomics research demonstrate the
existence of several atypical mitochondrial protein-coding genes (other than the standard …

Annelida is a highly diverse animal group with over 21,000 described species. As part of
Lophotrochozoa, the vast majority of annelids are currently classified into two groups …

Spiders are among the most varied terrestrial predators, with highly diverse morphology,
ecology, and behavior. Morphological and molecular data have greatly contributed to …

The use of mitochondrial markers for taxonomic identification and biodiversity monitoring is
not without risks or limitations. Most importantly, the natural transfer of DNA from the …