Observations of temperature, winds, and atmospheric trace gases suggest that the transition
from troposphere to stratosphere occurs in a layer, rather than at a sharp “tropopause.” In the …

Tropical convective anvil clouds detrain preferentially near 200 hPa. It is argued here that
this occurs because clear‐sky radiative cooling decreases rapidly near 200 hPa. This rapid …

The tropical tropopause layer (TTL) is a transition region between the troposphere and the
stratosphere. In this study the vertical extent of the TTL is diagnosed from radiosonde and …

This study examines global tropopause variability on synoptic, monthly, seasonal, and
multidecadal timescales using 1980–2004 radiosonde data. On synoptic and monthly …

A vertically high resolved climatology of the thermal and wind structure of the extratropical
tropopause region is presented. The climatology is based on data from 80 US radiosonde …

Tropical cirrus clouds, ie, any type of ice cloud with tops above 400 hPa, play a critical role in
the climate system and are a major source of uncertainty in our understanding of global …

An overview is provided of the current understanding of transport in the middle atmosphere.
Over the past quarter century this subject has evolved from a basic recognition of the Brewer …

The radiation balance of the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) is examined using several
different radiation codes with standard profiles compiled from observations in the tropics …

Structure and variability of temperatures in the tropical upper troposphere and lower
stratosphere (∼ 10–30 km) are studied based on Global Positioning System Meteorology …

Methods to detect tropical deep convective clouds and convective overshooting from
measurements at the three water vapor channels (183.3±1, 183.3±3, and 183.3±7 GHz) of …