Fossil age data and molecular sequences are increasingly combined to establish a
timescale for the Tree of Life. Arthropods, as the most species-rich and morphologically …

Abstract The Jehol Biota is an Early Cretaceous terrestrial fossil assemblage of paramount
significance, and its core distribution areas are western Liaoning, northern Hebei, and …

Insects are the most speciose group of animals, but the phylogenetic relationships of many
major lineages remain unresolved. We inferred the phylogeny of insects from 1478 protein …

The fossil record of parasites is limited thus far. A survey of the fossil record shows that some
modes of preservation show a higher potential for the preservation of parasitic remains or …

Phthirapteran lice (true lice or parasitic lice) are a major group of ectoparasitic insects living
on their bird or mammal hosts during their entire life cycle. 1 Due to their highly specialized …

The study of the Early Cretaceous terrestrial Jehol Biota, which provides a rare window for
reconstruction of a Lower Cretaceous terrestrial ecosystem, is reviewed with a focus on …

Insect parasites and parasitoids are a major component of terrestrial food webs. For
parasitoids, categorization is whether feeding activity is located inside or outside its host, if …

During the past 20 years, more than 1,600 species of well-preserved fossil insects, including
members of over 270 families within 24 orders, have been described from the Middle …

Fleas (order Siphonaptera) are highly-specialized, diverse blood-feeding ectoparasites of
mammals and birds with an enigmatic evolutionary history and obscure origin. We here …

The mouthparts of insects are a phenomenal example of a multi-element, modular, feeding
apparatus that repeatedly has been modified structurally to perform every feeding function …