Studies in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease
and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, and so on, have suggested that …

Under physiological conditions, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is present at low levels in the
extracellular milieu, being massively released by stressed or dying cells. Once outside the …

Oxidative stress reflects an imbalance between the overproduction and incorporation of free
radicals and the dynamic ability of a biosystem to detoxify reactive intermediates. Free …

Abstract Background α-Synuclein (α-Syn), a pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease
(PD), has been recognized to induce the production of interleukin-1β in a process that …

The P2X7 receptor is a trimeric ATP-gated cation channel found predominantly, but not
exclusively, on immune cells. P2X7 activation results in a number of downstream events …

The ATP-sensitive homomeric P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) has received particular attention as a
potential drug target because of its widespread involvement in inflammatory diseases as a …

The P2X7 receptor is a cation channel activated by high concentrations of adenosine
triphosphate (ATP). Upon long-term activation, it complexes with membrane proteins forming …

ATP is released in an activity-dependent manner from different cell types in the brain,
fulfilling different roles as a neurotransmitter, neuromodulator, in astrocyte-to-neuron …

Purinergic neurotransmission, involving release of ATP as an efferent neurotransmitter was
first proposed in 1972. Later, ATP was recognised as a cotransmitter in peripheral nerves …

Epilepsy is a group of chronic neurological disorders characterized by recurrent,
spontaneous, and unpredictable seizures. It is one of the most common neurological …