The Distributed Network Protocol version 3 (DNP3) provides Secure Authentication (DNP3-
SA) as the mechanism to authenticate unicast messages from a master station to its …

Increasing popularity of the multi-server architecture has propelled the research on the multi-
server authentication schemes. Current dominating authentication schemes are smartcard …

Currently qualitative as well as quantitative safety analysis of railway systems are usually
conducted through Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) and Event Tree Analysis (ETA). FTA and ETA …

A smart contract is a special form of computer program that runs on a blockchain and
provides a new way to implement financial and business transactions in a conflict-free and …

With the great advances in computer science and communication technology, more and
more control systems are implemented as distributed networked control systems (DNCSs) …

Abstract Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems are one of the key
foundations of smart grids. The Distributed Network Protocol version 3 (DNP3) is a standard …

Abstract Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) and Event Tree Analysis (ETA) are by far the most
frequently used qualitative and quantitative approaches in system reliability and safety …

Validation, verification and evaluation are necessary processes to assure the safety and
functionality of a system before its application in practice. This paper presents a Train to …

Protos is a popular tool for business process modelling used in more than 1,500
organizations. It has a built-in Petri-net-based simulation engine which shows key …

While different location technologies have been used to collect data for trains, the
development and validation of new systems remain a challenge. In this paper, a formal …