In nature, animals display defensive behaviors that reflect the spatiotemporal distance of
threats. Laboratory-based paradigms that elicit specific defensive responses in rodents have …

The roles of the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC) in memory processing—
individually or in concert—are a major topic of interest in memory research. These brain …

The so-called 'replicability crisis' has sparked methodological discussions in many areas of
science in general, and in psychology in particular. This has led to recent endeavours to …

This article reviews the behavioral neuroscience of extinction, the phenomenon in which a
behavior that has been acquired through Pavlovian or instrumental (operant) learning …

Progress in clinical and affective neuroscience is redefining psychiatric illness as
symptomatic expression of cellular/molecular dysfunctions in specific brain circuits. Post …

In this review, we summarize findings supporting the existence of multiple behavioral
strategies for controlling reward-related behavior, including a dichotomy between the goal …

Contexts surround and imbue meaning to events; they are essential for recollecting the past,
interpreting the present and anticipating the future. Indeed, the brain's capacity to …

The generalization of fear memories is an adaptive neurobiological process that promotes
survival in complex and dynamic environments. When confronted with a potential threat, an …

Women have increased vulnerability to PTSD and anxiety disorders compared to men.
Understanding the neurobiological underpinnings of these disorders is critical for identifying …

▪ Abstract Learning the relationships between aversive events and the environmental stimuli
that predict such events is essential to the survival of organisms throughout the animal …