The three-dimensional (3D) quantitative analysis of facial morphology is vitally important in
plastic and reconstructive surgery. Past attempts to measure the complexities of the human …

Three-dimensional imaging for orthodontics and maxillofacial surgery Three-Dimensional
Imaging for Orthodontics and Maxillofacial Surgery Page 2 Three-Dimensional Imaging for …

The assessment of facial mimicry is important in forensic anthropology; in addition, the
application of modern 3D image acquisition systems may help for the analysis of facial …

Ample data exists about the high precision of three‐dimensional (3D) scanning devices and
their data acquisition of the facial surface. However, a question remains regarding which …

Materials and Methods The 3dMDface System was used in a clinical setting to evaluate the
intraobserver repeatability of 27 craniofacial landmarks in 7 young children between 6 and …

Objective: To evaluate the reproducibility of selected verbal and nonverbal facial gestures.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff …

To assess sex-related characteristics in facial movements, and to define a set of reference
normal values, 20 healthy young adults (10 men, 10 women) performed six standardized …

Purpose Dynamic asymmetry has not been as rigorously evaluated as static asymmetry for
patients with skeletal deformity but could well be even more important. The aim of the …

Background Clinicians need accurate, reproducible, fast, and cost-effective grading systems
to determine facial functions. There is currently no internationally accepted objective method …

To assess sex-and age-related characteristics in standardized facial movements, 40 healthy
adults (20 men, 20 women; aged 20–50 years) performed seven standardized facial …