Pathological evaluation is the gold standard for identifying processes related to multiple
sclerosis that explain disease manifestations, and for guiding the development of new …

Multiple sclerosis (MS), is a chronic disease of the central nervous system (CNS)
characterized by loss of motor and sensory function, that results from immune-mediated …

New evidence and consensus has led to further revision of the McDonald Criteria for
diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. The use of imaging for demonstration of dissemination of …

Objective Prominent inflammation with formation of ectopic B‐cell follicle‐like structures in
the meninges in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (MS)(SPMS) is associated with …

Cortical inflammatory lesions have been correlated with disability and cortical atrophy in
multiple sclerosis. The extent to which cortical lesion load is associated with longer-term …

During the past 10 years, the intense involvement of the grey matter of the CNS in the
pathology of multiple sclerosis has become evident. On gross inspection, demyelination in …

Neuroaxonal pathology is a main determinant of disease progression in multiple sclerosis;
however, its underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, including its link to inflammatory …

Since its technical development in the early 1980s, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has
quickly been adopted as an essential tool in supporting the diagnosis, longitudinal …

Owing to its ability to depict the pathologic features of multiple sclerosis (MS) in exquisite
detail, conventional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has become an established tool in …

Background: Different double inversion recovery (DIR) sequences are currently used in
multiple sclerosis (MS) research centers to visualize cortical lesions, making it difficult to …