Understanding urban vertical structures, particularly building heights, is essential for
examining the intricate interaction between humans and their environment. Such datasets …

Urban functional zones (UFZs) serve as the spatial carriers embodying urban economic and
social activities, thus making the accurate map** of UFZs imperative for urban planning …

Urban land use information is essential for urban planning and sustainable development.
However, the increasing prevalence of Mixed-Use Urban Land (MUUL) introduces …

In the pursuit of sustainable urban development, it is imperative to address strategies for
optimizing and harmonizing the configuration of urban spatial layouts, especially in …

Historical news media reports serve as a vital data source for understanding the risk of
urban ground collapse (UGC) events. At present, the application of large language models …

As crucial geographical components sha** urban landscapes, defining the functions of
buildings plays one of the pivotal roles in planning urban development and facilitating socio …

Building type is among the most important inputs for building energy model. However, the
information of building type is always missing in urban scale building energy modeling. This …

Building use identification is crucial in urban planning and management. Current
identification methods often rely on a single data source and neglect spatial proximity. In this …

Irrational urban expansion debilitates the sustainability of the natural environment and
human settlement environment. However, urban expansion research often prioritizes …

Rapidly acquiring three-dimensional (3D) building data, including geometric attributes like
rooftop, height and orientations, as well as indicative attributes like function, quality, and …