Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are common life-
threatening lung diseases associated with acute and severe inflammation. Both have high …

Extracellular vesicles (EV) are secretory membranous elements used by cells to transport
proteins, lipids, mRNAs, and microRNAs (miRNAs). While their existence has been known …

This mini-review summarizes the current evidence for the role of macrophage activation and
polarization in inflammation and immune response pertinent to interstitial lung disease …

Corals live in a complex, multipartite symbiosis with diverse microbes across kingdoms,
some of which are implicated in vital functions, such as those related to resilience against …

Exosomes are a subset of extracellular vesicles released from various cells, and they can be
found in different bodily fluids. Exosomes have been utilized as biomarkers to diagnose …

Inflammasome is a complex of multiple proteins found in cytoplasm of the cells activated by
infectious and/or non-infectious stimuli. This complex involves caspase-1 activation, leading …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived membranous vesicles secreted by cells into the
extracellular space, which play a role in cell to cell communication. EVs are categorized into …

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are fundamental post-transcriptional modulators of several critical
cellular processes, a number of which are involved in host defense mechanisms. In …

Mitochondria are indispensable organelles for maintaining cell energy metabolism, and also
are necessary to retain cell biological function by transmitting information as signal …

Intercellular communication is a normal feature of most physiological interactions between
cells in healthy organisms. While cells communicate directly through intimate physiology …