An “offline” approach to DA is used, where static ensemble samples are drawn from existing
CMIP climate‐model simulations to serve as the prior estimate of climate variables. We use …

The alkenone‐based U proxy is a cornerstone of paleoclimatology, providing insight into the
temperature history of the Earth's surface ocean. Although the relationship between U and …

Hydroclimate extremes critically affect human and natural systems, but there remain many
unanswered questions about their causes and how to interpret their dynamics in the past …

Paleoclimatic records provide valuable information about Holocene climate, revealing
aspects of climate variability for a multitude of sites around the world. However, such data …

Water isotope data from ice cores, particularly δ18O, have long been used in
paleoclimatology. Although δ18O has been primarily interpreted as a proxy for local air …

Climate field reconstruction (CFR) refers to the estimation of spatiotemporal climate fields
(such as surface temperature) from a collection of pointwise paleoclimate proxy datasets …

The effect of external forcings on atmospheric circulation is debated. Due to the short
observational period, the analysis of the role of external forcings is hampered, making it …

Reconstructing climate states during geological periods is a key focus in studying Earth
system evolution. Substantial progress has been achieved in reconstructing paleoclimate …

We use online data assimilation to combine information from a linear inverse model of
coupled atmosphere‐ocean dynamics with proxy records to create a new annual‐resolution …

Surface observations are usually too few and far between to properly assess multidecadal
variations at the local scale and characterize historical local extreme events at the same …