Membrane is one of the most important components in proton exchange membrane fuel
cells (PEMFCs), which determines the transport phenomena, performance, and durability …

Molecular communication (MC) is a new communication engineering paradigm where
molecules are employed as information carriers. MC systems are expected to enable new …

Microorganisms exploit extracellular electron transfer (EET) in growth and information
exchange with external environments or with other cells. Every microbial cell is surrounded …

Polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells, which convert the chemical energy stored in
hydrogen fuel directly and efficiently to electrical energy with water as the only byproduct …

Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) has been recognized as a promising zero-
emission power source for portable, mobile and stationary applications. To simultaneously …

Despite decades of study, the structures adopted to accommodate an excess proton in water
and the mechanism by which they interconvert remain elusive. We used ultrafast two …

Over 99% of the observable universe is made of plasma. About 71% of the planet we live on
is covered by liquid. Yet, the interaction between both states of matter does not occur so …

When Szent-Györgyi called water the “matrix of life”, 1 he was echoing an old sentiment.
Paracelsus in the 16th century said that “water was the matrix of the world and of all its …

The configuration of reinforced composite membrane (RCM), composed of porous
polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) as a mechanical reinforcement and perfluorosulfonic acid …

A mathematical model is developed that is based on our previous physical model. The
governing equations are presented for both the vapor-and liquid-equilibrated transport …