Natural and anthropogenic sources of metals in the ecosystem are perpetually increasing;
consequently, heavy metal (HM) accumulation has become a major environmental concern …

Industrial effluents/wastewater are the main sources of hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI))
pollutants in the environment. Cr (VI) pollution has become one of the world's most serious …

Chromium (VI) is one of the hazardous heavy metal, heavily discharged into the soil and
severely hampers the plants yield. The TiO 2 NPs was selected due to its potential to …

Among the many heavy metals, chromium (Cr) is one of the fascinating ones. In its two most
prevalent oxidation forms, trivalent (Cr 3+) and hexavalent (Cr 6+), Cr has completely …

Heavy metal/metalloids (HMs) are among the primary soil pollutants that limit crop
production worldwide. Plants grown in HM contaminated soils exhibit reduced growth and …

Copper (Cu) is an essential element for humans and plants when present in lesser amount,
while in excessive amounts it exerts detrimental effects. There subsists a narrow difference …

Chromium (Cr) is a toxic heavy metal that is heavily discharged into the soil environment
due to its widespread use and mining. High Cr levels may pose toxic hazards to plants …

Global climate change has caused an increase in extreme weather events and subjected
plants to a variety of abiotic stress. Plants being rooted in the soil are unable to avoid abiotic …

The untreated effluents released from industrial operations have adverse impacts on human
health, environment and socio-economic aspects. Environmental pollution due to chromium …

Simple Summary Abiotic and biotic stresses are a major challenge for agricultural
production. To deal with stressed conditions, many techniques, including the use of …