The vertical alignment optimization is about develo** a minimum cost curvilinear vertical
profile of constrained grade sections and appropriate non‐overlap** vertical curves …

In the vertical alignment phase of road design, one minimizes the cost of moving material
between different sections of the road while maintaining safety and building code …

Selecting an optimal vertical alignment while satisfying safety and design constraints is an
important task during road construction. The amount of earthwork operations depends on …

An approach for identifying and selecting the route alignment using GIS and fuzzy AHP is
developed in the present study. Spatial multi-criteria decision analysis is applied to identify …

A new convex quadratically‐constrained quadratic programming (QCQP) model is proposed
for modeling side‐slopes volumes in the minimization of earthwork operations to compute …

Vertical alignment significantly affects the construction costs and train traction energy use of
a metro system. Existing studies on this subject mostly optimized the vertical alignment while …

The vertical alignment optimization problem for road design aims to generate a vertical
alignment of a new road with a minimum cost, while satisfying safety and design constraints …

Analytical hierarchy process (AHP) typically involves pairwise comparisons to establish the
relative importance of criteria and alternatives. This study can verify these comparisons …

Emissions reduction has emerged as one of the principal targets in the planning and
designing of road alignment today, and intelligent design methods can help optimize road …

Minimizing earthwork costs is crucial in the optimization of vertical alignment. In this article,
the previous quasi network flow model for the vertical alignment optimization of a single road …