Inspired by sophisticated and intelligent biological systems, various smart actuations
triggered by physical or chemical stimuli have been developed. Photomechanical materials …

It has been 30 years since the discovery of surface restructuring in thin azopolymer films by
two independent research groups. A wide variety of topographical structures have been …

We report the synthesis of amorphous, heat-resistant (T g ranging from 220 to 246° C)
polyimides cross-linked with a novel tris (azobenzeneamine) cross-linker and examine the …

This book is about azo polymers including their syntheses, properties, functions, and
applications. Generally speaking, azo polymers are macromolecules that contain a …

Thin film supramolecular azopolymers support the all‐optical generation of dynamic surface
microstructures. Using a spatial light modulator (SLM) illuminated at 488 nm, structured …

A polymer network can imbibe copious amounts of solvent and swell, the resulting state is
known as a gel. Depending on its constituents, a gel is able to deform under the influence of …

Azobenzene-functionalized polyimide materials can directly transduce light into mechanical
force. Here, we examine the impact of polymer backbone rigidity on the photomechanical …

The surface relief gratings (SRGs) can be generated when azo-polymer films are exposed to
laser beam interference as a result of mass migration. Despite considerable research effort …

Kinetics of photoisomerization and time evolution of ordering in azobenzene-containing
materials are studied theoretically and by using computer simulations. Starting from kinetic …

In this review, it is argued that soft mass migrations, driven and guided by spatially controlled
photopolymerization and photochromic isomerization (also called directional plastic …