This paper presents a comprehensive survey of five most widely used in-vehicle networks
from three perspectives: system cost, data transmission capacity, and fault-tolerance …

The vehicles are equipped with electronic control units that control their functions. These
units communicate with each other via in-vehicle communication protocols like CAN bus …

With the increasing amount of interconnections between vehicles, the attack surface of
internal vehicle networks is rising steeply. Although these networks are shielded against …

The current in-vehicle network lacks a robust security communication mechanism between
Electronic Control Units (ECUs). Although different proposed frameworks aim to secure the …

An electronic control unit (ECU) for vehicles is described, including memory to store
encrypted data and unencrypted data; a main control unit operatively connected to memory …

The trend of technological advances in the vehicle industry illustrates that future cars would
have added functionalities with smart features, better connectivity and autonomous …

Modern cars incorporate complex distributed computing systems that manage all aspects of
vehicle dynamics, comfort, and safety. Increased automation has demanded more complex …

Modern vehicles represent a complex distributed cyber-physical system that simultaneously
handles critical functions like drive-by-wire systems, non-critical functions like window/door …

The new generation vehicles these days are managed by networked controllers. A large
portion of the networks is planned with more security which has recently roused researchers …

The Control Area Network (CAN) bus is the most widely used internal control network in
automobiles. With the development of networked vehicles and self-driving technology, the …