NLP datasets annotated with human judgments are rife with disagreements between the
judges. This is especially true for tasks depending on subjective judgments such as …

This paper presents a probabilistic semantic approach to identifying disagreement-related
textual constituents in hateful content. Several methodologies to exploit the selected …

This thesis navigates the complex environment of Natural Language Processing (NLP),
focusing on hate speech detection—a task that notably faces various difficulties, such as …