Norovirus, an RNA virus of the family Caliciviridae, is a human enteric pathogen that causes
substantial morbidity across both health care and community settings. Several factors …

Investigations of disease outbreaks linked to shellfish consumption have been reported in
the scientific literature; however, only few countries systematically collate and report such …

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an important infection in humans in EU/EEA countries, and over
the last 10 years more than 21,000 acute clinical cases with 28 fatalities have been notified …

Foodborne viruses, especially noroviruses (NoV), are increasingly reported as the cause of
foodborne outbreaks. NoV outbreaks have been reported linked to fresh soft red fruits and …

Safeguarding the seafood industry is important given its contribution to supporting our
growing global population. However, shellfish are filter feeders that bioaccumulate microbial …

We review the risk of norovirus (NoV) infection to the human population from consumption of
contaminated shellfish. From a UK perspective, risk is apportioned for different vectors of …

Human noroviruses (NoV) are the most common cause of epidemic gastroenteritis following
consumption of bivalve shellfish contaminated with fecal matter. NoV levels can be …

Pollution of coastal waters can result in contamination of bivalve shellfish with human enteric
viruses, including norovirus (NoV), and oysters are commonly implicated in outbreaks …

Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) have been found as the leading cause of acute
gastroenteritis outbreaks in all age groups and are significantly correlated with the …

The concentrations of Escherichia coli, F-specific RNA bacteriophage (FRNA
bacteriophage), and norovirus genogroup I (NoV GI) and norovirus genogroup II (NoV GII) in …