Evolution of RNA viruses occurs through disequilibria of collections of closely related mutant
spectra or mutant clouds termed viral quasispecies. Here we review the origin of the …

Viral fitness is an active area of research, with recent work involving an expanded number of
human, non-human vertebrate, invertebrate, plant, and bacterial viruses. Many publications …

The mechanisms by which RNA arboviruses, including chikungunya virus (CHIKV), evolve
and maintain the ability to infect vertebrate and invertebrate hosts are poorly understood. To …

Rapid evolution and high intrahost sequence diversity are hallmarks of human and simian
immunodeficiency virus (HIV/SIV) infection. Minor viral variants have important implications …

Recent investigations surprisingly indicate that single RNA “stem-loops” operate solely by
chemical laws that act without selective forces, and in contrast, self-ligated consortia of RNA …

Key biological properties such as high genetic diversity and high evolutionary rate enhance
the potential of certain RNA viruses to adapt and emerge. Identifying viruses with these …

ABSTRACT RNA viruses adapt rapidly to new host environments by generating highly
diverse genome sets, so-called “quasispecies.” Minor genetic variants promote their rapid …

The understanding of the evolutionary processes underlying HIV-1 fitness recovery is
fundamental for HIV-1 pathogenesis, antiretroviral treatment and vaccine design. It is known …

Immunoediting is an important concept in oncology, delineating the mechanisms through
which tumors are selected for resistance to immune-mediated elimination. The recent …

The study on the evolutionary consequences of an RNA viral population's fluctuations can
be approached by in vitro experiments. This work describes the fitness recovery of HIV-1 …