A mere few decades ago, culture was thought a unique human attribute. Evidence to the
contrary accumulated through the latter part of the twentieth century and has exploded in the …

Chimpanzees possess a large number of behavioral and cultural traits among nonhuman
species. The “disturbance hypothesis” predicts that human impact depletes resources and …

Knowing the density or abundance of primate populations is essential for their conservation
management and contextualizing socio‐demographic and behavioral observations. When …

Human ethnographic knowledge covers hundreds of societies, whereas chimpanzee
ethnography encompasses at most 15 communities. Using termite fishing as a window into …

Large brains and behavioural innovation are positively correlated, species-specific traits,
associated with the behavioural flexibility animals need for adapting to seasonal and …

Modern human technological culture depends on social learning. A widespread assumption
for chimpanzee tool-use cultures is that they, too, are dependent on social learning …

Cumulative cultural evolution (CCE), the improvement of cultural traits over generations via
social transmission, is widely believed to be unique to humans. The capacity to build upon …

Hominins have been making tools for over three million years [1], yet the earliest known
hooked tools appeared as recently as 90,000 years ago [2]. Hook innovation is likely to have …

To improve our understanding of the evolutionary origins of culture and technology in
humans, it is vital that we document the full extent of behavioural diversity in our great ape …

Temperament and personality research in humans and nonhuman animals measures
behavioral variation in individual, population, or species-specific traits with implications for …