Over 500 natural and synthetic amino acids have been genetically encoded in the last two
decades. Incorporating these noncanonical amino acids into proteins enables many …

Reversible phosphorylation is a fundamental mechanism for controlling protein function.
Despite the critical roles phosphorylated proteins play in physiology and disease, our ability …

Synthesis of proteins with non-canonical amino acids via genetic code expansion is at the
forefront of synthetic biology. Progress in this field has enabled site-specific incorporation of …

The genetic code is the foundation for all life. With few exceptions, the translation of nucleic
acid messages into proteins follows conserved rules, which are defined by codons that …

More than two decades ago a general method to genetically encode noncanonical or
unnatural amino acids (NAAs) with diverse physical, chemical, or biological properties in …

The concept of genetic code expansion (GCE) has revolutionized the field of chemical and
synthetic biology, enabling the site-specific incorporation of noncanonical amino acids …

Suppressor transfer RNAs (sup-tRNAs) are receiving renewed attention for their promising
therapeutic properties in treating genetic diseases caused by nonsense mutations …

Members of actinobacterial genus Streptomyces possess a sophisticated life cycle and are
the deepest source of bioactive secondary metabolites. Although morphogenesis and …

The evolutional development of the RNA translation process that leads to protein synthesis
based on naturally occurring amino acids has its continuation via synthetic biology, the so …

The site-specific incorporation of the noncanonical amino acid (ncAA) into proteins via
genetic code expansion (GCE) has enabled the development of new and powerful ways to …