Tumor-infiltrating immune cells play a key role against cancer. However, malignant cells are
able to evade the immune response and establish a very complex balance in which different …

The immune system deploys a multitude of innate and adaptive mechanisms not only to
ward off pathogens but also to prevent malignant transformation (“immune surveillance”) …

Checkpoint blockade immunotherapy targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitory axis has produced
remarkable results in the treatment of several types of cancer. Whereas cytotoxic T cells are …

Cancer treatment has rapidly entered the age of immunotherapy, and it is becoming clear
that the effective therapy of established tumors necessitates rational multi-combination …

Autophagy is a highly conserved catabolic process and a major cellular pathway for the
degradation of long-lived proteins and cytoplasmic organelles. An increasing body of …

We developed a custom-designed liposome carrier for codelivery of a potent immunogenic
cell death (ICD) stimulus plus an inhibitor of the indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO-1) …

Cytotoxic chemotherapeutics (CCTs) are widely used in the treatment of cancer. Although
their mechanisms of action have been best understood in terms of targeting the apparatus of …

Although treatment with taxanes does not always lead to clinical benefit, all patients are at
risk of their detrimental side effects such as peripheral neuropathy. Understanding the in …

The tumor microenvironment (TME) includes a number of non-cancerous cells that affect
cancer cell survival. Although CD8+ T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells suppress …

Natural killer (NK) cells are innate cytotoxic lymphocytes involved in the surveillance and
elimination of cancer. As we have learned more and more about the mechanisms NK cells …