Nearly half a century has passed since the discovery of cytoplasmic inheritance of human
chloramphenicol resistance. The inheritance was then revealed to take place maternally by …

Depression is a highly prevalent disorder and a leading cause of disability worldwide. It has
a major impact on the affected individual and on society as a whole. Regrettably, current …

Rationale Exposure to social defeat (SD) induces a depressive phenotype, increased
ethanol seeking and consumption, accompanied by activation of the neuroinflammatory …

Addiction, the continuous misuse of addictive material, causes long-term dysfunction in the
neurological system. It substantially affects the control strength of reward, memory, and …

Adverse social experiences during adolescence are associated with the appearance of
mental illness in adulthood. Social defeat (SD) is an ethologically valid murine model to …

The lipid-derived messenger oleoylethanolamide (OEA) has been involved in multiple
physiological functions including metabolism and the immune response. More recently, OEA …

Large preclinical evidence shows that exposure to social defeat (SD) increases vulnerability
to drug abuse, increasing the consumption of ethanol. However, not all subjects are equally …

Social stress exposure heightens the risk of substance abuse disorder development,
especially when endured during adolescence, influencing long-term mental health. This …

Stress is a critical factor in the development of mood and drug use disorders. The social
defeat model is not appropriate for female rodents due to their low level of aggression …

Background: Substance use disorder in the United States represents a complex and
growing public health crisis, marked by increasing rates of overdose deaths and the misuse …