This article first reviews recent developments in process synthesis and discusses some of
the major challenges in the theory and practice in this area. Next, the article reviews key …

Highlights•The advantages of the P-graph for Process Network Synthesis (PNS) are
discussed.•A critical survey of key P-graph literature is given.•Promising directions for future …

A framework is presented for the automated superstructure generation and optimization of
distributed energy supply systems (DESS). Based on a basic problem description …

Renewable energy is the key to decarbonize energy use despite the growing global energy
demand. However, energy storage is required to tackle the supply-demand mismatch …

Highlights•The paper reviews the extended application of P-graph in Process Network
Synthesis (PNS) problems.•Application of P-graph demonstrates topology of transportation …

Optimal clean process design requires strict constraints to enforce waste and byproduct
management, all of which can be formulated in the language of mathematical programming …

Neglecting externality cost in extended producer responsibility (EPR) fiscal planning
worsens the free-ridership issue in plastic waste (PW) management. An integrated P-graph …

Integrated urban water management (IUWM) aims to promote water supply not only from
conventional sources but also from wastewater reuse in part to address issues such as …

In this paper an algorithm to generate all possible distillation column sequences for a
nonsharp separation of c components to m multicomponent as well as pure desired …

The increasing demand for hydrogen in refineries and petrochemical plants is challenging
these facilities to minimise their hydrogen utility without incurring high capital and operating …