Segmentation techniques for recognition of Arabic-like scripts: A comprehensive survey

S Naz, AI Umar, SH Shirazi, SB Ahmed… - Education and …, 2016‏ - Springer
Arabic script based text recognition system has been a popular field of research for many
years that can be used in the learning and teaching process to the students and educators …

The optical character recognition of Urdu-like cursive scripts

S Naz, K Hayat, MI Razzak, MW Anwar, SA Madani… - Pattern Recognition, 2014‏ - Elsevier
We survey the optical character recognition (OCR) literature with reference to the Urdu-like
cursive scripts. In particular, the Urdu, Pushto, and Sindhi languages are discussed, with the …

Line and ligature segmentation of Urdu Nastaleeq text

I Ahmad, X Wang, R Li, M Ahmed, R Ullah - IEEE access, 2017‏ - ieeexplore.ieee.org
The recognition accuracy of ligature-based Urdu language optical character recognition
(OCR) systems highly depends on the accuracy of segmentation that converts Urdu text into …

A novel method for recognition of Persian alphabet by using fuzzy neural network

MMM Kia, JA Alzubi, M Gheisari, X Zhang… - IEEE …, 2018‏ - ieeexplore.ieee.org
This paper presents a system that can recognize handwritten words expressed using broken
letters of the Persian alphabet. The proposed system can be used for most activities related …

Computationally efficient recognition of unconstrained handwritten Urdu script using BERT with vision transformers

AF Ganai, F Khursheed - Neural Computing and Applications, 2023‏ - Springer
The handwritten Urdu text recognition is a challenging area in pattern recognition and has
gained much importance after the rapid emergence of several camera-based applications …

Scale and rotation invariant OCR for Pashto cursive script using MDLSTM network

R Ahmad, MZ Afzal, SF Rashid… - 2015 13th …, 2015‏ - ieeexplore.ieee.org
Optical Character Recognition (OCR) of cursive scripts like Pashto and Urdu is difficult due
the presence of complex ligatures and connected writing styles. In this paper, we evaluate …

A parallel repetition theorem for any interactive argument

I Haitner - 2009 50th Annual IEEE Symposium on Foundations …, 2009‏ - ieeexplore.ieee.org
The question of whether or not parallel repetition reduces the soundness error is a
fundamental question in the theory of protocols. While parallel repetition reduces (at an …

Ligature based Urdu Nastaleeq sentence recognition using gated bidirectional long short term memory

I Ahmad, X Wang, YH Mao, G Liu, H Ahmad, R Ullah - Cluster Computing, 2018‏ - Springer
Bidirectional long short term memory (BLSTM) architecture—a special case of recurrent
neural network—is successfully applied for recognition of Urdu Nastaleeq sentence images …

Ligature categorization based Nastaliq Urdu recognition using deep neural networks

MJ Rafeeq, Z ur Rehman, A Khan, IA Khan… - Computational and …, 2019‏ - Springer
The cursive nature, Nastaliq writing style and a large number of different ligatures make
ligature recognition very difficult in Urdu. In this paper, we present a segmentation-free …

[PDF][PDF] Offline Urdu Nastaliq OCR for printed text using analytical approach

DA Satti - MS thesis report, 2013‏ - cle.org.pk
As technologies grow machines are gaining more and more human like intelligence.
Despite the fact that they have no intelligence on their own, due to advancements in Artificial …