Background Major depression is a disabling psychiatric illness with complex origins. Life
stress (childhood adversity and recent stressful events) is a robust risk factor for depression …

The etiology and clinical course of bipolar disorder are considered to be determined by
genetic and environmental factors. Although the kindling hypothesis emphasizes the impact …

Background There is evidence that stressful life events (LE) play a crucial role in the etiology
of bipolar affective disorder (BD). However, primary studies, as well as narrative reviews …

This study aimed to identify different kinds of stressful life events and social support
associated with antenatal depressive symptoms in a sample of pregnant Italian women. We …

Bipolar Disorder (BD) and Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are mental
disorders with high degree of lifetime comorbidity. Both BD and ADHD are disorders with …

Childhood trauma exposure is a significant public health problem. While adult mental health
consequences of such experiences are well documented, sex differences in both …

Previous research on functional outcome in bipolar disorder (BD) has uncovered various
factors that exacerbate psychosocial disability over the course of illness, including genetics …

Background Early intervention significantly decreases the impact of bipolar disorder.
However, there is little research investigating triggers that may be unique precipitants of …

BACKGROUND: Gene–environment interactions may contribute to the high heritability of
bipolar affective disorder. The aim of the present study was to examine the interplay …

Background A small body of research suggests that gene–environment interactions play an
important role in the development of bipolar disorder. The aim of the present study is to …