The tripeptide glutathione is found in all eukaryotic cells, and due to the
compartmentalization of biochemical processes, its synthesis takes place exclusively in the …

Heavy metal accumulation in soil has been rapidly increased due to various natural
processes and anthropogenic (industrial) activities. As heavy metals are non-biodegradable …

Heavy metal (HM) toxicity has become a global concern in recent years and is imposing a
severe threat to the environment and human health. In the case of plants, a higher …

Heavy metal-induced cellular and organismal toxicity have become a major health concern
in biomedical science. Indiscriminate use of heavy metals in different sectors, such as …

Copper (Cu) is an essential element for humans and plants when present in lesser amount,
while in excessive amounts it exerts detrimental effects. There subsists a narrow difference …

Copper (Cu) is an essential metal for human, animals and plants, although it is also
potentially toxic above supra-optimal levels. In plants, Cu is an essential cofactor of …

Chromium (Cr) is an element naturally occurring in rocky soils and volcanic dust. It has been
classified as a carcinogen agent according to the International Agency for Research on …

Cd is the third major contaminant of greatest hazard to the environment after mercury and
lead and is considered as the only metal that poses health risks to both humans and animals …

Environmental contamination with arsenic (As) is a global environmental, agricultural and
health issue due to the highly toxic and carcinogenic nature of As. Exposure of plants to As …

Phytoremediation is an economically viable green technology that utilizes hyperaccumulator
plants to remove heavy metals (HM) from the soil. Hyperaccumulators are adept at …