A new scientific frontier opened in 2009 with the start of operations of the world's first x-ray
free-electron laser (FEL), the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), at SLAC National …

Free-electron lasers and high-harmonic-generation table-top systems are new sources of
extreme-ultraviolet to hard X-ray photons, providing ultrashort pulses that are intense …

Featured Application This article describes the layout of the European XFEL, a soft and hard
X-ray free-electron laser user facility starting operation in 2017. Emphasis is put on the …

An overview of both experimental and theoretical results in the field of resonant scattering of
tunable soft and hard x-ray radiation is presented, with a main focus on the closely related …

Free-electron lasers produce extremely brief, coherent, and bright laser-like photon pulses
that allow to image matter at atomic resolution and at timescales faster than the …

Four-wave mixing (FWM) processes, based on third-order nonlinear light–matter
interactions, can combine ultrafast time resolution with energy and wavevector selectivity …

X-ray free-electron lasers have opened up the possibility of structure determination of
protein crystals at room temperature, free of radiation damage. The femtosecond-duration …

This review is focused on free-electron lasers (FELs) in the hard to soft x-ray regime. The
aim is to provide newcomers to the area with insights into: the basic physics of FELs, the …

Since the invention of the first lasers in the visible-light region, research has aimed to
produce short-wavelength lasers that generate coherent X-rays,; the shorter the wavelength …

Capturing the evolving geometric and electronic structure in the course of a chemical
reaction or biological process is the principal aim of time-resolved X-ray spectroscopies …