Highlights•Transcription factors can cooperate with each other via multiple mechanisms that
have different specificities and ranges.•Cooperativity can result from direct protein–protein …

Regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes is an extremely complex process. In this
review, we break down several critical steps, emphasizing new data and techniques that …

Hox proteins are well known for executing highly specific functions in vivo, but our
understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying gene regulation by these …

Hox proteins are key regulatory transcription factors that act in different tissues of the embryo
to provide specific spatial and temporal coordinates to each cell. These patterning functions …

Hox genes encode homeodomain transcription factors that control morphogenesis and have
established functions in development and evolution. Hox proteins have remained enigmatic …

A long-standing question in evolutionary and developmental biology concerns the relative
contribution of cis-regulatory and protein changes to developmental evolution. Central to this …

Despite decades of research, morphogenesis along the various body axes remains one of
the major mysteries in developmental biology. A milestone in the field was the realisation …

In eukaryotes, members of transcription factor families often exhibit similar DNA binding
properties in vitro, yet orchestrate paralog-specific gene regulatory networks in vivo. The …

Transcription factors (TFs) control cell fates by precisely orchestrating gene expression.
However, how individual TFs promote transcriptional diversity remains unclear. Here, we …

During animal development, distinct tissues, organs, and appendages are specified through
differential gene transcription by Hox transcription factors. However, the conserved Hox …