Mendelian randomization (MR) is a method of studying the causal effects of modifiable
exposures (ie, potential risk factors) on health, social, and economic outcomes using genetic …

Observational epidemiological studies are prone to confounding, reverse causation and
various biases and have generated findings that have proved to be unreliable indicators of …

Mendelian randomisation (MR) studies allow a better understanding of the causal effects of
modifiable exposures on health outcomes, but the published evidence is often hampered by …

The etiology of endemic rickets was discovered a century ago. Vitamin D is the precursor of
25-hydroxyvitamin D and other metabolites, including 1, 25 (OH) 2D, the ligand for the …

Multiple sclerosis is a complex autoimmune disease, and several therapies for multiple
sclerosis have been developed and widely used. However, existing medications for multiple …

Over the past decade, there have been an increasing number of studies on the association
between vitamin D deficiency and anthropometric state. However, we did not identify any …

Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a declaration of a
Public Health Emergency of International Concern by the World Health Organization. As of …

Skeletal muscle is a major organ of insulin-induced glucose metabolism. In addition, loss of
muscle mass is closely linked to insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic syndrome (Met-S) …

Background Vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency is thought to be common among pregnant
women. Vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy has been suggested as an …

Abstract Purpose of Review Evidence from observational studies suggests that obesity is
associated with low vitamin D. As both obesity and hypovitaminosis D present an alarmingly …