Urban environments lie at the confluence of social, cultural, and economic activities and
have unique biophysical characteristics due to continued infrastructure development that …

Cities are particularly vulnerable to extreme weather episodes, which are expected to
increase with climate change. Cities also influence their own local climate, for example …

Infrastructure-based heat reduction strategies can help cities adapt to high temperatures, but
simulations of their cooling potential yield widely varying predictions. We systematically …

Evidence of temperature moderation through green infrastructure has been largely
documented and quantified by literature; however, the critique of available methods and …

An increase in urban vegetation is an often proposed mitigation strategy to reduce urban
heat and improve outdoor thermal comfort (OTC). Vegetation can alter urban microclimate …

In order to address the increased urban heat island (UHI) effects and energy demand
caused by global urbanization, it is imperative to seek sustainable urban design solutions. It …

Vegetation alters urban climates via transpirational cooling; however, unlike shorter
vegetation, trees additionally provide shade and shelter. Urban canopy models (UCMs) are …

Urban greening has been as a popular and effective strategy for ameliorating urban thermal
environment and air quality. Nevertheless, it remains an outstanding challenge for numerical …

Increasing urbanization is likely to intensify the urban heat island effect, decrease outdoor
thermal comfort, and enhance runoff generation in cities. Urban green spaces are often …

The expansion of an urban tree canopy is a commonly proposed nature-based solution to
combat excess urban heat. The influence trees have on urban climates via shading is driven …