Knowledge of causal effects is of great importance to decision makers in a wide variety of
settings. In many cases, however, these causal effects are not known to the decision makers …

This paper reviews the empirical methods used in the accounting literature to draw causal
inferences. Recent years have seen a burgeoning growth in the use of methods that seek to …

This paper synthesizes recent advances in the econometrics of difference-in-differences
(DiD) and provides concrete recommendations for practitioners. We begin by articulating a …

As the second-largest economy in the world with both high-energy consumption and high‑
carbon emission, China has launched several green finance pilot zones (GFPZ) targeting …

Green technology innovation (GTI) is the main force behind green development and is
crucial to develo** countries' economic growth. Strengthening green technology …

Importance Many medical journals, includingJAMA, restrict the use of causal language to the
reporting of randomized clinical trials. Although well-conducted randomized clinical trials …

In order to deal with the environmental problems such as pollution emissions and climate
change, sustainable development in the field of transportation has gradually become a hot …

The establishment of pilot zones for green finance reform and innovation (PZGFRI) is an
important green financial policy in China and a crucial means to achieve the objective of …

Probably because of their interpretability and transparent nature, synthetic controls have
become widely applied in empirical research in economics and the social sciences. This …

Attaining a win-win scenario among economic growth, energy conservation, and emission
reduction is an essential requirement for the transformation towards smart cities. This …