Modern interest in muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) activators for schizophrenia
began in the 1990s when xanomeline, an M 1/M 4-preferring mAChR agonist developed for …

Cognitive impairment is commonly associated with the pain experience. This impairment
represents a major obstacle to daily activities and rehabilitation, especially in the chronic …

The neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) regulates a diverse array of physiological
processes throughout the body. Despite its importance, cholinergic transmission in the …

Despite recent advances in crystallography and the availability of G-protein-coupled
receptor (GPCR) structures, little is known about the mechanism of their activation process …

Muscarinic M1–M5 acetylcholine receptors are G-protein-coupled receptors that regulate
many vital functions of the central and peripheral nervous systems. In particular, the M1 and …

The autonomic nervous system (ANS), comprised of two primary branches, sympathetic and
parasympathetic nervous system, plays an essential role in the regulation of vascular wall …

Schizophrenia remains a challenging disease to treat effectively with current antipsychotic
medications due to their limited efficacy across the entire spectrum of core symptoms as well …

Schizophrenia is a severe mental illness that affects almost 1% of the population worldwide.
Even though the etiology of schizophrenia is uncertain, it is believed to be a …

Medicine is an ever-changing science. As new research and clinical experience broaden
our knowledge, changes in treatment and drug therapy are required. The authors and the …

Acetylcholine, the first neurotransmitter to be identified, exerts many of its physiological
actions via activation of a family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) known as …