Soft actuators are gaining significant attention due to their ability to provide realistic tactile
sensations in various applications. However, their soft nature makes them vulnerable to …

Microscale and nanoscale cilia are ubiquitous in natural systems where they serve diverse
biological functions. Bioinspired artificial magnetic cilia have emerged as a highly promising …

Biological cilia play essential roles in self-propulsion, food capture, and cell transportation
by performing coordinated metachronal motions. Experimental studies to emulate the …

Stimuli‐responsive micro‐pillared structures can perform complex and precise tasks at the
microscale through dynamic and reversible deformation of the pillars in response to external …

Artificial cilia integrating both actuation and sensing functions allow simultaneously sensing
environmental properties and manipulating fluids in situ, which are promising for …

Biological cilia, hairlike organelles on cell surfaces, often exhibit collective wavelike motion
known as metachrony, which helps generating fluid flow. Inspired by nature, researchers …

Cilia broadly exist in a wide range of living systems. The metachronal waves generated by
arrays of beating cilia are essential for realizing complex biological functions, such as …

Organs that pump luminal fluids by the coordinated beat of motile cilia are integral to animal
physiology. Such organs include the human airways, brain ventricles and reproductive …

Flight-by-feel is an emerging approach to flight control that uses distributed arrays of
pressure, strain, and flow sensors to guide aircraft. Among these, hair-type flow sensors …

Human ingenuity has found a multitude of ways to manipulate fluids across different
applications. However, the fundamentals of fluid propulsion change when moving from the …