Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of preventable death worldwide. It causes chronic
lung disease and predisposes individuals to acute lung injury and pulmonary infection …

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that triggers the
expression of inflammatory molecules, including other cytokines and cell adhesion …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with chronic inflammation
affecting predominantly the lung parenchyma and peripheral airways that results in largely …

Periodontal diseases, such as chronic periodontitis, share common inflammatory risk factors
with other systemic and chronic inflammatory disorders. Mucosal tissues, such as oral …

Recent findings point toward diet having a major impact on human health. Diets can either
affect the gut microbiota resulting in alterations in the host's physiological responses or by …

Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) both cause airway obstruction
and are associated with chronic inflammation of the airways. However, the nature and sites …

Increases in eosinophil numbers are associated with infection and allergic diseases,
including asthma, but there is also evidence that eosinophils contribute to homeostatic …

Humans consider themselves discrete autonomous organisms, but recent research is
rapidly strengthening the appreciation that associated microorganisms make essential …

Background Inflammation in the lung is the body's natural response to injury. It acts to
remove harmful stimuli such as pathogens, irritants, and damaged cells and initiate the …

Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) secrete type 2 cytokines, which protect against
parasites but can also contribute to a variety of inflammatory airway diseases. We report …