As the demand of exploitation and utilization of geothermal energy increases, more
geothermal-related earth structures occur recently. The design of the structures depends …

Thermal resistance between underground energy geo-structures and surrounding soils
limits heat exchange efficiency particularly when soils are at low saturation degrees or …

Understanding the moisture migration of unsaturated soil in response to temperature
changes is essential in soil science and geosystems applications. The coupling of …

Core Ideas A new thermo‐TDR sensor can determine soil thermal properties, water content,
bulk density, porosity, and air‐filled porosity. The new theories are used to analyze the heat …

With an increasing energy demand, exploration and utilization of new energy resources
become more significant recently. Geothermal energy, characterized as a clean, renewable …

Thermal conductivity is a governing soil thermal property for geothermal applications.
Measurements of soil thermal conductivity and moisture content are usually obtained …

A thermo‐time domain reflectometry (thermo‐TDR) sensor combines a heat‐pulse sensor
with a TDR waveguide to simultaneously measure coupled processes of water, heat, and …

Simultaneous measurements of soil thermal properties, moisture content and dry density are
quite challenging, but very significant to geothermal related engineering applications …

The thermophysical properties of soil are crucial factors for understanding the heat
distribution in soil layers, especially in cold regions. Therefore, to analyze the effect of …

Soil thermal conductivity is relatively low in low saturation ranges in arid regions, resulting in
low heat transfer efficiency of ground source heat pump (GSHP) systems. In this study …