Interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) are large-scale heliospheric transients that
originate from the Sun. When an ICME is sufficiently faster than the preceding solar wind, a …

This paper focuses on the interactions between the fast solar wind from coronal holes and
the intervening slower solar wind, leading to the creation of stream interaction regions that …

In a previous study (Cane and Richardson, J. Geophys. Res. 108 (A4), SSH6-1, 2003), we
investigated the occurrence of interplanetary coronal mass ejections in the near-Earth solar …

Coronal holes are the darkest and least active regions of the Sun, as observed both on the
solar disk and above the solar limb. Coronal holes are associated with rapidly expanding …

This review article summarizes the advancement in the studies of Earth-affecting solar
transients in the last decade that encompasses most of solar cycle 24. It is a part of the effort …

The solar flare on 1 September 1859 and its associated geomagnetic storm remain the
standard for an extreme solar-terrestrial event. The most recent estimates of the flare soft X …

Geomagnetic storms are an important aspect of space weather and can result in significant
impacts on space-and ground-based assets. The majority of strong storms are associated …

Precipitation of energetic particles into the atmosphere greatly disturbs the chemical
composition from the upper stratosphere to the lower thermosphere. Most important are …

The interplanetary causes of intense geomagnetic storms and their solar dependence
occurring during solar cycle 23 (1996–2006) are identified. During this solar cycle, all …

The Sun's outer atmosphere is heated to temperatures of millions of degrees, and solar
plasma flows out into interplanetary space at supersonic speeds. This paper reviews our …