Protein folding is a biophysical process by which proteins reach a specific three-dimensional
structure. The amino acid sequence of a polypeptide chain contains all the information …

The enhanced generation and accumulation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs)
have been linked to increased risk for macrovascular and microvascular complications …

Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) modulate protein function in most eukaryotes and
have a ubiquitous role in diverse range of cellular functions. Identification, characterization …

Oxidative damage produced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been implicated in the
etiology and pathology of many health conditions, including a large number of chronic …

Background: Propolis is a natural resin made by bees from various plant sources and exerts
antimicrobial, anti‐inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and antidiabetic …

The Maillard reaction was first reported in 1912 by Louis-Camille Maillard, who described
that upon gently heating sugars and amino acids in water, a yellow-brown color developed …

Diabetes mellitus is the most common non-infective disease characterized by hyperglycemia
(high level of blood glucose). Formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in long …

Background Type 2 diabetes impairs the healing process and induces apoptosis of
fibroblasts, which are thought to be involved in this process. We investigated the possible …

Background Diabetes is a global concern among adults. Previous studies have suggested
an association between different screening methods and diabetes; however, increasing …

Diabetes impairs physiological angiogenesis by molecular mechanisms that are not fully
understood. Methylglyoxal (MGO), a metabolite of glycolysis, is increased in patients with …