Chronic pain exerts an enormous personal and economic burden, affecting more than 30%
of people worldwide according to some studies. Unlike acute pain, which carries survival …

Neuromodulation is an expanding area of pain medicine that incorporates an array of non-
invasive, minimally invasive, and surgical electrical therapies. In this Series paper, we focus …

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of transcutaneous electrical nerve
stimulation (TENS) for relief of pain in adults. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis …

Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is a common, disregarded, underdiagnosed, and inadequately
treated complaint of both young and adult females. It is characterized by painful cramps in …

Childbirth is a remarkable, life-changing process and is frequently regarded as an
excruciating, physically and emotionally demanding experience that women endure. Labor …

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a non-pharmacological intervention
used in the treatment of acute and chronic pain conditions. The first clinical studies on TENS …

Neuropathic pain is a chronic secondary pain condition, which is a consequence of
peripheral or central nervous (somatosensory) system lesions or diseases. It is a devastating …

Chronic low back pain, neck pain, hip and knee osteoarthritis, and fibromyalgia are the most
common types of chronic musculoskeletal pain. Because no individual therapy has …

Abstract Purpose of Review Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is a musculoskeletal pain
condition that stems from localized, taut regions of skeletal muscle and fascia, termed trigger …

Electrical stimulation (ES) is an attractive field among clinicians in the topic of wound
healing, which is common yet complicated and requires multidisciplinary approaches. The …